Safe water, hygiene practices and sanitation are three of the primary drivers for improving public health. Extensive research and numerous evaluations have demonstrated that simply improving water supplies may have limited impact on improving people's health. However, improving sanitation and safely disposing of excreta can have a marked effect, and can reduce incidence of diarrhea by 36% or more. The greatest reductions in diarrheal incidence are possible when sanitation improvements are combined with improved hygiene practices and improved water supplies and water quality.
A successful sanitation program requires a thorough assessment of the social, cultural, environmental and technological factors that impact on the design of the different elements of the program. It is these factors that will guide the identification and selection of appropriate technology options, promotion approaches, and the actual methods of implementing the program.
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